What Is Cortisol?

Cortisol is a hormone produced by your adrenal glands. Often called the “stress hormone,” it helps your body respond to challenges by increasing energy, blood sugar, blood pressure, and alertness. Cortisol also supports immune function, metabolism, and sleep-wake patterns. Normally, levels rise in the morning and gradually decrease throughout the day. Ongoing stress, poor sleep, illness, or certain medications can disrupt this balance. Persistently high cortisol may contribute to anxiety, weight changes, fatigue, and sleep difficulties, while low levels can cause weakness and dizziness. Healthy habits such as regular sleep, exercise, relaxation, and balanced nutrition can support healthy cortisol regulation.